Laser therapy, particularly photobiomodulation, uses light energy to stimulate healing processes in the body. This technology is highly effective in reducing inflammation, promoting tissue repair, and relieving pain. Let’s break down the essential components of how laser therapy works and its impact on the body.
Photons and Light Energy:
All light consists of photons—tiny packets of energy that travel in waves at a constant speed. Different wavelengths of light correspond to various colors of the spectrum, and laser light is unique because it is coherent, meaning it consists of well-ordered photons moving in the same direction. This focused energy allows laser light to penetrate deeper into the skin and tissues, triggering cellular processes that aid healing.
Photochemical Action:
When laser light is applied to the body, certain cells absorb it, particularly in the mitochondria and cell membranes. This absorbed energy increases the production of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which fuels cellular functions, DNA synthesis, and overall cellular health. Laser therapy is thus effective in reducing pain, inflammation, and even promoting nerve and muscle recovery. Healthy cells are not affected by this process, as only the cells in need absorb the light energy.
Chromophores: Key Players in Light Absorption:
Chromophores are molecules within cells that absorb light. When these chromophores absorb laser light, they initiate the production of ATP, enhancing cellular energy, speeding up healing, and relieving pain.
The Photochemical Process in Action:
Here’s a simplified breakdown of what happens during laser therapy:
- Photons are absorbed by mitochondria and cell membranes.
- Singlet oxygen is produced.
- This changes membrane permeability.
- ATP is synthesized, and DNA production increases.
- Cell metabolism improves, restoring balance to damaged cells.
Importantly, laser therapy selectively stimulates impaired cells without affecting healthy ones.
